About this work
Europe faces tariff exposure on top of rising production costs and tougher competition from China. The November 2024 assessment identifies German autos and Italian machinery as particularly vulnerable, while examining opportunities in green technology and advanced manufacturing. It separates the ECB's inflation mandate from the fiscal and trade measures needed to improve competitiveness.
Abstract
Europe faces tariff exposure on top of rising production costs and tougher competition from China. The November 2024 assessment identifies German autos and Italian machinery as particularly vulnerable, while examining opportunities in green technology and advanced manufacturing. It separates the ECB's inflation mandate from the fiscal and trade measures needed to improve competitiveness.
Cite this work
Marcello Estevão, Jonathan Fortun (2024). Navigating the Trade Storm: Europe’s Strategy Amid Tariff Risks. Institute of International Finance.