In an interview after an IIF meeting, Fortun discusses the peso's offshore use, portfolio diversification and the institutions supporting investor confidence in Mexico.
Fortun warns about Bolivia’s fiscal imbalance and the potential disruption from adjustment as Rodrigo Paz campaigns in the presidential runoff. Reuters examines Paz’s economic promises and the voters he is trying to attract.
Fortun interprets successive output contractions as evidence of an established recession and discusses the limited scope for recovery amid currency shortages and inflation.
Fortun links declining gas production, rising electricity demand and costly fuel imports to the risk of energy shortages, describing a physical constraint beyond the election outcome.
Marcello Estevão · Jonathan Fortun / Institute of International Finance
US inflation remains difficult to dislodge from the 3 percent range in this October 2025 assessment. Shelter and healthcare sustain services inflation, while goods prices follow divergent paths. Firm spending and elevated household inflation expectations complicate cautious Federal Reserve easing. The uneven composition of price increases makes apparent progress toward the target less convincing.
Jonathan Fortun / Institute of International Finance
Bolivia’s adjustment problem extends beyond its headline budget deficit. The October 2025 assessment places the deficit near 20 percent of GDP when state enterprises are included, alongside depleted external buffers and rigid spending. It forecasts weak growth and a break in the currency peg within a year, illustrating the difficult choices facing the incoming government.