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December 9, 2021IIF

Global Macro Views: Japanification of the Euro Zone

High public debt and very low bond yields coexisted in Japan under sustained central bank support. The December 2021 comparison asks whether the euro area was moving toward a similar configuration, as the European Central Bank’s role expanded and foreign government bond holdings declined. It presents an emerging parallel between the two monetary systems, rather than a completed convergence.

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September 2020Academic publication

Eurozone Output Gaps and the COVID-19 Shock

Examines whether persistent weak demand and unequal financial conditions left more economic slack in eurozone periphery economies than conventional output-gap estimates suggested before the pandemic.

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