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December 22, 2025

Stuck in the Loop, Part I: December Is Not Neutral

Fortun argues that Bolivia's fuel-subsidy reform needs a broader fiscal anchor and that implementing it during December's seasonal demand peak intensifies inflation and uncertainty.

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December 18, 2025

Bolivia’s Fuel Subsidy Shock: Necessary, Risky, and Politically Exposed

Jonathan Fortun argues that removing Bolivia’s fuel subsidies was economically necessary but politically exposed. He examines how higher fuel prices can spread through transport, food costs, exchange rate expectations and household behavior. The essay assesses targeted income support, social conflict and political coordination as conditions for turning an emergency decree into a durable stabilization program.

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October 20, 2025

Bolivia’s Zombie Apocalypse, Part VI: The Virus Has Found Its Host

Fortun examines the financing and credibility required for Rodrigo Paz's gradual adjustment plans, emphasizing depleted reserves, fuel subsidies and the sequencing of external support.

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October 12, 2025

Bolivia’s Zombie Apocalypse, Part V: The Blackout Frontier

Fortun links declining gas production, rising electricity demand and costly fuel imports to the risk of energy shortages, describing a physical constraint beyond the election outcome.

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September 16, 2025

Bolivia’s Zombie Apocalypse, Part IV: Bitten at the Pump... the Shape of Things to Come

Fortun compares fuel-subsidy reforms abroad with Bolivia's constraints, warning that price shocks and weak political capacity make the impending adjustment socially difficult.

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September 5, 2025

Bolivia’s Zombie Apocalypse, Part III: The Virus Has Spread

Fortun argues that unsterilized domestic gold purchases expand liquidity and transmit fiscal strain into inflation, exchange-rate distrust and deteriorating monetary control.

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August 29, 2025

They Don’t Die. They Borrow: Bolivia’s Undead (The Zombie Saga Pt. 2)

Fortun connects the political transition with opaque gold-backed financing and growing pension-fund exposure to public debt, arguing that these arrangements restrict future policy choices.

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August 18, 2025

Zombies at the Polls: Bolivia’s Political Undead Refuse to Die

Fortun interprets Bolivia's election as a reshuffling of established political forces and compares the fiscal, financing and institutional obstacles awaiting the next government.

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