How money, financial systems and policy shape economic activity, and how we measure the forces beneath the surface.
The same financial shock can produce very different economic outcomes. Understanding why means looking beneath aggregate indicators at the monetary arrangements, financial institutions and policy choices that connect markets with economic activity. That connection sits at the center of my work in global macroeconomics.
Measurement is part of the question. Research on economic slack in the eurozone examines how we assess an economy's room to grow. Work on derivatives, bank loan quality and exchange rate valuation explores the financial channels through which risks and incentives take shape. Analysis of Japan adds a perspective on monetary policy and its international setting.
Together, these strands ask how the architecture of finance influences economic adjustment. This page connects academic research, institutional analysis and public discussion so readers can follow an idea across different methods, markets and moments, and return to the original evidence.
Marcello Estevão · Jonathan Fortun / Institute of International Finance
The June 2025 outlook projects global growth slowing to 2.7 percent from 3.1 percent in 2024. A sharper US slowdown, muted activity in Europe and Japan, and China’s reliance on policy support leave the recovery uneven. Emerging economies remain broadly resilient, but investment decisions become more sensitive to differences in domestic policy.
Marcello Estevão · Jonathan Fortun / Institute of International Finance
Exchange rates increasingly transmit economic and political shocks across borders. A softer dollar offers emerging markets some relief, yet credit spreads and term premiums can outweigh that benefit in financing conditions. Policy uncertainty and shifting investor positions amplify currency movements, while dollar liquidity remains central during stress despite gradual reserve diversification.
Marcello Estevão · Mary Frances Monroe · Jonathan Fortun · Daniel Mendez Delgado · Melanie Idler / Institute of International Finance
Artificial intelligence is reshaping finance and insurance through trading, risk management, customer service, underwriting and claims. Its potential productivity gains come with possible job displacement and wider wage differences. Financial firms are increasing investment while strengthening governance and controls, linking operational adoption to broader questions about growth and financial stability.