The article cites Fortun's public assessment of Bolivia's fuel-subsidy reform, emphasizing the timing and credibility of compensating transfers to households.
Marcello Estevão · Jonathan Fortun / Institute of International Finance
英語の概要です。日本語版は順次追加しています。
The direction of the 2025 economic cycle proved more predictable than its timing. China’s repeated recovery trades faded, while emerging market resilience relied more on domestic foundations than expected. Europe and Japan moved through uneven stages, requiring reassessment. Low volatility and a relatively contained dollar range persisted despite geopolitical uncertainty, pointing to structural forces beneath the headlines.
Marcello Estevão · Jonathan Fortun / Institute of International Finance
英語の概要です。日本語版は順次追加しています。
Looking back at 2025 reveals where familiar indicators obscured deeper change. Tariffs endured but reached prices unevenly, and strong emerging market debt returns complicated currency signals. Domestic reforms supported resilience, artificial intelligence gained wider macroeconomic importance, and divergent state labor markets challenged the picture of US stability suggested by national totals.